Transition Questions on SAT Writing Tips and Examples

Transition Questions on SAT Writing Tips and Examples SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In writing, transitions are important because they help establish logical connections between ideas. On the SAT Writing and Languge section, questions about transitions are a major component of the test. In this article, I will thoroughly explain the types of transition questions on the SAT and provide detailed advice on how to correctly answer these questions. Importance of Transition Questions Based on our analysis, transition questions are the most common type of questions on the SAT Writing section. You can expect about 5-7 transition questions on the SAT. Therefore, in order to reach your target score, it’s essential to understand how to correctly answer SAT transition questions. What Are SAT Transition Questions? There are two major types of transition questions. The first type will ask you to select the transition word that best completes a sentence. Examples of transition words include â€Å"moreover,† â€Å"therefore,† and â€Å"nevertheless.† The other type of transition question will ask you to select the phrase or sentence that most logically connects to or follows another part of the passage. Type #1: Transitional Words Selecting the right transitional word or phrase to complete a sentence requires you to understand how different transitional words are used. For the most part, transitional word questions on the SAT cover three basic transitional relationships: addition, contrast, and causation. Addition: words like â€Å"furthermore† or â€Å"moreover† that continue or elaborate on a thought. Contrast: words like â€Å"despite† or â€Å"although† that introduce conflicting ideas. Causation: words like â€Å"since† or â€Å"because† that indicate a causal relationship. Here are some example sentences. Pay attention to how the transition words make sense in context. Addition: Making a Murderer is a riveting documentary. Also, it sheds light on the criminal justice system. Contrast: Chris is an extremely popular singer. However, his voice isn’t very good. Causation: Because the weather is warm, I’m wearing shorts today. Not every transition word falls into one of these categories, but thinking of transitions in these terms can help you correctly answer transition questions. Most of the transition word questions will ask you to connect two sentences using a transition word. Here’s a basic example of this type of question. Jeremy never studies. Also, he gets perfect grades on his exams. A. NO CHANGE B. Likewise, C. However, D. Therefore, Because you wouldn’t expect somebody who never studies to get perfect grades, we need to use a contrast word. Answer choice C is the only one that makes sense in context. Key Transition Words These are the most common transition words divided by type. Familiarize yourself with the words on this list and their corresponding transition types. Addition Contrast Causation Also However Thus Moreover On the other hand As such In fact Nonetheless Therefore Furthermore Nevertheless Consequently In addition Still As a result Similarly Instead Indeed Despite this In conclusion Meanwhile In other words Finally Next Likewise Then For example How to Approach Transition Word Questions Here's a step-by-step guide to help you correctly answer transition word questions. #1: Read Until the End of the Sentence This advice goes for all SAT Writing questions. To ensure that you properly understand the context and are able to correctly determine the right transition word to use, you need to read the entire sentence to effectively determine the relationship between the sentences. #2: Cross Out the Underlined Word Next, cross out the underlined word. Otherwise, if you don’t immediately recognize an obvious error, you may be biased in favor of the original phrasing. #3: Determine Which Word You Would Use Decide which transition word you would use to connect the sentences. You may find that exact word or a synonym in the answer choices. #4: Identify the Type of Relationship Determine whether the sentences have an addition, contrast, or causation relationship. In rare cases, they may have a different relationship. If you’re not sure, think about whether you would connect the sentences with and (addition), but (contrast), or so/because (causation). #5 Narrow Down Your Choices Once you know what you’re looking for, eliminate the choices that don’t make sense or aren’t grammatical. #6: Plug In Your Answer When you think you have selected the right answer, plug it into the original sentence to make sure the transition is logical. Follow the steps to SAT success! SAT Examples Use the steps to answer the following SAT transition word questions. First, we need to get rid of â€Å"also† and determine the relationship between the two sentences. The first sentence is talking about one benefit of greek yogurt compared to conventional yogurt. The next sentence lists another benefit of Greek yogurt; therefore, we can determine that we should use an addition transition word. â€Å"Also† is a perfect transition between these two sentences. The correct answer is A. However, let’s look at the other choices to make sure. Answer choice B could only be correct if the second sentence provided an explanation of the first. Answer choice C could only be correct if the two sentences had a causation relationship. The second sentence would have to be a result of the first sentence. Answer choice D is wrong because that transition could only be used if the second sentence provided an example of the first sentence. Let's try another SAT example of a transition word question: Again, let’s remove the transition â€Å"For instance† and determine the relationship between the two sentences. The first sentence states that advocates of organic food believe that organic is healthier, but that’s not supported by scientific evidence. The second sentence cites a review that analyzed 50 years of studies in which researchers found no evidence that organic crops were more nutritious than conventionally grown crops. The second sentence provides an example that supports the claim made in the first sentence. Therefore, we need a transition that introduces an example. Answer choice B indicates a contrast relationship and answer choices C and D indicate addition. The only answer choice that effectively introduces an example is answer choice A. Steven Depolo/Flickr Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Type #2: Transitional Phrases and Sentences The other type of transition question asks you to select the phrase or sentence that will most logically connect to the information in the passage. These questions will normally be phrased like this: Which choice most effectively sets up the information that follows? Which choice most effectively sets up the information given at the end of the sentence? Which choice provides the most logical introduction to the sentence? Which choice most logically follows from the previous sentence? Basically, these questions are going to be asking you to select the choice that sets up information or logically follows previous sentences. Step-By-Step Approach to Transitional Phrases Questions These are general steps because the specific steps you take will be dependent on the exact question that is being asked. #1: Pay Attention to What the Question is Asking Make sure you’re answering the right question. Some questions may ask which choice sets up the information in the rest of the passage. Meanwhile, some questions may ask which choice sets up the information in the next sentence. You want to ensure that you don’t make a mistake because you misunderstood what thequestion was asking. #2: Read What’s Necessary to Answer the Question If the question asks you which choice logically follows from the previous sentence, you need to read the sentence in question and the previous sentence. If the question asks which choice sets up the information in the rest of the passage, you need to at least skim the rest of the passage before answering the question. Furthermore, it may be helpful to skip the question and come back to it after you've answered the questions on the rest of the passage. #3: Keep in Mind Types of Transitional Relationships Even though most of these questions don’t involve transitional words, it can be helpful to determine if there’s a clear contrasting, addition, or causal relationship. #4: Summarize the Information That Is Being Referenced in the Question Read and summarize the sentence or paragraph the question is asking about. For example, if the question asks which choice sets up the information that follows in the next paragraph, read the next paragraph and briefly summarize the information. Taking this step will allow you to more easily determine which answer choice sets up the information. #5: Narrow Down the Choices Eliminate answer choices that don’t logically set up the information or follow the previous sentence. The correct answer choice should make the sentences in question logically connect. $6: Plug in the Choice You Think Works Best After you’ve eliminated the choices you think are wrong, plug in the answer you’ve selected to make sure that it makes sense in context. Real SAT Examples Follow the steps I gave you to answer these SAT questions. The question is asking for the sentence that sets up the information revealed in the final two sentences of the paragraph, starting with â€Å"a 1994 survey.† After reading the final two sentences, we can determine that the information demonstrates that colleges haven’t supported the study of philosophy or shown that they care about philosophy. We need to find a sentence that logically connects to this information. Answer choice A has nothing to do with the information. There is no mention of jobs or job offers for philosophy students in those sentences. Answer choice B contradicts the information because philosophy departments were eliminated. Answer choice C has nothing to do with the information that follows. The information has nothing to do with students resisting majoring in philosophy. Answer choice D seems to be correct because it sets up the facts that a low percentage of colleges required philosophy and that 400 philosophy departments were eliminated. After plugging in answer choice D into the paragraph, everything makes sense in context. The previous sentence mentions the usefulness of philosophy, which sets up the contrast indicated by â€Å"However† in answer choice D. The rest of the sentence starting with â€Å"colleges† sets up the facts that are revealed in the following two sentences. The correct answer is D. Try one more example. The question is asking us to select the most logical introductory clause to the sentence. The correct answer should logically follow the previous sentence and connect to the rest of the sentence. The first sentence states that the food on rail lines was terrible. Because the sentence in the question is a sentence fragment (corrected in #14), you should read the following sentence,too. We need a clause that connects that bad quality of rail food with Harvey’s decision to open a restaurant to serve rail customers. The clause in the original sentence has nothing to do with the food quality or Harvey’s decision to open a restaurant. Similarly, answer choice B introduces unrelated information. Answer choice C seems to work perfectly when we plug it into the sentence. If we select answer choice D, there would be no introduction to the sentence and it would be less strongly connected to the previous sentence. The correct answer is C. Review: Key Strategies for Transition Questions Here are the important strategies to use when you encounter a transition question on the SAT. #1: Consider the Type of Transitional Relationship For all transition questions, think about how the sentences are related. Knowing the relationship between the sentences in question are key to determining how to transition between them. #2: Read the Question Carefully For questions that are written out, make sure you understand what the question is asking. Also, read enough of the passage to understand the context and answer the question. #3: Use Multiple Choice to Your Advantage For transition word questions, if two answers are synonyms, neither is correct. Eliminate obvious wrong answers. #4: Plug in the Answer You Think Is Best Check your answer by plugging in the choice you think is best. The transition should make sense in context. What's Next? Now that you've mastered a critical component of SAT Writing, make sure you know the most important grammar rules on the SAT. If you want to learn about a potentially challenging type of SAT Writing question, you should check out my article on SAT idioms. Finally, learn the secret to getting a perfect SAT score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Journal of Korean Melodrama Christmas in August (1998) Movie Review

Journal of Korean Melodrama Christmas in August (1998) - Movie Review Example Jung decides and tries his best not to get into a relationship with her but eventually they form one. The film tends to have a weak plot but there is a strong in-depth look at both the characters that the audience can implicitly feel. The audience see and feel how Jung experiences the illness and how he deals with the people during the last days of his life. There is a silence among the members of his family because they are the only ones aware of it. Jung also holds back his emotions when he is with his friends and that is a painful moment. The relationship with Da-rim and Jung is the central focus of this story. Da-rim affects him deeply and how he responds to her is a beautiful feeling in the film. People often take others for granted but Jung’s character gives an emotional sensation to the audience on how painful it is when you know you don’t have time. In addition, the interesting thing about this film is that there are not many dialogues throughout the film. This is a strong point but it may as well start seeming to be a negative point as it drags the movie in some scenes. But this technique works for the emotional audience as the awkward and meaningful silences bring out the feel between the characters even in scenes when Jung is working alone and there is silence which expresses his isolation, pain, and loneliness. There is another major element in this film which is the subtleness. The audience get a sense that Jung and Da-rim have fallen in love but the film doesn’t really show a formal acceptance or declaration of their love. Jung would never talk about his illness but it is evident how it is affecting his relationship. The film does not even disclose the actual illness that Jung is going through and thus the movie is subtly explained through the actions and expressions of the characters that have done a great job on screen. This fact may leave the film open to several interpretations; it would also make this film thought

Technology developments over the past 30 years have had only positive Essay

Technology developments over the past 30 years have had only positive effects on people's health - Essay Example The aim of man has been to pursue such a goal that is everlasting and beneficent for him and the people to come. Technology that is in fact for the sake of betterment of our lives has â€Å"proven to be the best companion of man† during this epoch (Kincaid, 2004). It all started with the invention of â€Å"cotton gin in 1792†, which proved to be a great turn in human history. People were able to turn from Neolithic mode of living to more improved life style. The pinnacle of the era that started off during the late 15th century matured in the mid 1850s. And it was the beginning of industrial revolution where mass production, and social revolution, took place of intensive farming and symbiotic lifestyle. Thus it can be said that late 20th century was the finality of man to realize that his salvage for the sake of longevity and betterment can only be achieved through technological advancement and (Lakwete, 2005). People devised ways for healthy living through the use of te chnology. Impetus for such a move was from the ailment, problematic and contorted living man has been in, throughout his history. Thus science for the sake of technology for better living has proven to be the answer (Intille, 2004). It has caused a great deal of help in achieving physiological or biogenic need of man. It has been able to provide secure lives to people and thus has been able to revolutionise our society. Attending to the negative side of the use of technology, one can see that the use of technology in for increasing the ways for mass production and better crop yield, has brought along with it great problems that pertain to the â€Å"environmental pollution† and deterioration of the ecological balance. However, it is up will of people to pay heed to these issues. Their whimsical moves have, of course, created problems, and to contain unwanted and extravagant life, man should be mindful to the facts about his environment. (library.thinkquest.org) Past 30 years h ave been very much important since they advancement in technology tends to concentrate during this era. The invention of integrated circuits has caused compact designs and miniature devices, available for the general use of man. The important factor that has emerged during this era is the work and field specialization and their integration for the collective working for the man. People have been able to deduce solutions that are based on two or more separate specialized streams of technology, say, use of medical science and the proposals from athletes, and mechanical engineers to form such a device that may help in overcoming obesity (ScienceDaily.com, 2011). Taking this technological facet we can put forward an example which proves the notion that â€Å"mix of technologies† has literally improved and achieved those blessings of science that were not thought of ever before. The technologies used by physiotherapists, engineering scientists and medical scientists in tandem with each other can prove to be of great use. The gym equipment, today, is used for targeting a special slack in human physiology (Mishra, 2010). â€Å"Machines that are operated manually and with electronic aid can help regulating health† concerns like blood flow, tissues development, and cell physiology. Tread mill is one such example that helps in curtailing the mental constrains and extra physical exertion during typical arduous terrain exercises. Specialized weight equipment that concentrates on specific muscle is in common use (Plowman & Smith, 2008).

Explanation Of Multi Camera Production Media Essay

Explanation Of Multi Camera Production Media Essay During the beginning of the second semester of multi camera production we were introduced to the News Production. News in the media refers to the sector of mass media that mainly focuses on the current news to the public. As broadcasting news is watched all over the world and the number one news channel is the BBC. The BBC is widely broadcasted all over the world covering range of stories for the public interest. News is often reported by a number of sources, such as newspapers, television and radio programs, wire services, and web sites. News coverage is a kind of reporting normally written or transmits in news styles. Most news is investigated and presented by journalists and can be shared to various outlets. As technology has come a long way it has come into the work place of the news broadcasting, as news is covered from all areas of the world and anywhere and anytime journalists have to think on their feet as some stories they may cover do not allow a news crew and cameras at a particular scene. Journalists are prone to use their mobile phones to cover breaking news in certain countries; the main purpose of news is to get the story which is very important rather than the quality. The story is the important key to news broadcasting as it is essential to the viewers even if it may not be as good quality and filmed by a video phone. Through researching and in lectures, BBC is the most factually based and straight news channel, as its very different to any other news in Britain and USA. For example CNN and Fox news in the USA looks more set up and planned out, it is usually over the top and an exaggerated show, repeating same stories in different ways as they are also in competition with each other. However ITV news is mainly the same stories as the BBC but it is more commercial based news rather than the facts and straight to the story as it would drag. From having an introduction session in the news room, has given me more of an insight how the news works and how it is set up to gather much information to broadcast to the viewers. Through the tutorial session of the News Room, I have learnt everything in news is on demand and fast all editing is done by three main editors, photo, audio and video editors to get the perfect story. This is something that I would like to get into as its very challenging and putting up with pressure and delivering on a deadline. The newsroom is the heart of the news-gathering process. The newsroom is controlled by the news editor, who supervises this whole process. The news editor complies a dairy of jobs; brief the reporter who will do them; monitors the days or weeks work. (i.e. checks it while it is going on); checks the finished stories, liaises with the photographers and illustrators and answers queries. The news editor also keeps the editor and the chief sub-editor informed on how the work is progressing.   [1]   Through my own research of how a news room is set up I established that its usually a multi camera shoot using one or more cameras. In a news room they would use a CGI camera as they would use it for the blue screen for the background of the presenters and also for the weather. Its important for the news room to have all the monitors on for the presenters especially for the sports or weather, for highlights so they can keep talking to the video to see what they are doing. To get one of the best stories for any journalist they would have to go undercover in some parts of the world whether they are covering war stories or a prohibited area. For example undercover reporting is a journalist posing as someone friendly to the community, like Humphrey Hawksley. A well experienced news reporter working for the BBC for reporting all over the worlds current affair stories. He has reported all over Asia, one of the stories he covered was in the Philippines was the violence and torture. After reporting this he had received death threats himself, so this shows, to get the best stories what pressure and conditions you would have to go through. Undercover reporting from Zimbabwe is a risky business. Add to the mix a close encounter with one of President Mugabes most feared supporters and, as Ian Pannell discovered, it becomes a brief glimpse of the terror that many people in the country are living through.  [2]   As from the quote above Ian Panell is faced with a close encounter with President Mugabe as he was covering the most powerful man in Zimbabwe. Reporters will do anything to make the stories over dramatic for the viewers no matter what conditions and situations they are put through. Also in the beginning of the second semester we had to get into teams of three to four as we had to pitch our idea for a two minute VT, for the second years entertainment show called According to man. A four part series for men, its a magazine style show that focuses on all men interests, the show has continuous structure of two inserts and guests on each show. For our part as first years we had to produce a two to three minute section that will fit in with their show. As the show is comical and the look they are going for is a Top Gear style and will be using tongue and cheek humour. For this to be a winning insert my team and I went for the fitness route for men, as all men like to be fit and this will go with the show well. Our idea was called Flex Those Pecks. Flex those pecks is approximately a three minute VT that forces on men bodies and how psychical in shape they really are and during their day to day lifestyle. They were impressed with the idea but it was too vague. As we also had done research that contained facts and figures to go with the idea. We didnt have a power point presentation to show more in detailed information of what flex those pecks was all about, by not having a power point to present, clearly let us down but we had positive feedback that will taken on for future pitches to come. The winning pitch was Hang Over Cures. For this we had one guest presenter to talk to our guests that had been drunk that night before and filmed so we can play this in our insert, the thirty seconded VT showed two of our guest getting drunk the night before. They would have to try two different hang over cures and then the two guests will be in the studio to see if it had made any difference to them within the twenty four hours. It clearly showed that Charless hang over cure didnt work and Charlies did take an affect. The unique quality of an electronic camera is its ability to produce a picture that can be instantly transmitted. Multi camera coverage entails a production technique which involves a number of people perfecting their individual contribution in a production group simultaneously as the event is transmitted. To coordinate such a group activity, it is essential to plan a d have some measure of rehearsal before transmission or rely on standard production conventions which are understood by everyone involved.  [3]   We all had our specific roles within the production to make it run smoothly we all had tutorials enabling us to be prepared as this was an important piece for the second years as they will be using our insert for their magazine show. One of the roles that I had taken upon in the production was Autocue. Autocue is a teleprompter that is connected to two or more cameras in the studio where it allows the presenters to read off the autocue as they were looking straight at the camera. The way the autocue works it prompts the presenter or speaker in front of the camera with visual text of a script, this is similar by using cue cards. The two way mirror in front of the lens of the camera reflective on the screen by a video monitor where the script is, and the presenters eyes are on the two way mirror where they are reading it from. Television technologically has evolved over the years from having cardboard cue cards to having autocue from the camera to have it in various fonts, colours and languages. Todays television prompters have evolved from the 1955 autocue as flat screen computer driven units that displays text using all the benefits of scalable true type fonts in any language or colour, including Hindi, Chinese or Japanese.  [4]   I felt confident using the autocue as its very simple to use, as you would need to keep in time with the presenter and how fast he or she speaks. Setting up the autocue was fairly simple as its done on the computer with autocue software which is in a script format and I could make changes to it as when the camera is rolling, which I had to do in last few minutes by adding the shows web address. The autocue program allows you to copy and paste text from any word processing program to the prompter has all of the features that you will need to do a successful video shoot. When reviewing the final show on its own and how it adapted to the According to Man, it fitted well with their show as their main target audience. However when reviewing the full series of According to Man it contrasted the show well; yet the presenter for our insert looked more childish than to be serving to drinks and didnt quite fit into the men magazine show. Furthermore the camera work was inadequate in some parts and the lighting of the studio was too bright, but the VT that we filmed them getting drunk the night before really fitted well with our insert as the audience could understand the concept as it were a little experiment. Overall I thought this insert went well as we worked professionally and gained vast skills from the first production we had done and adapted new ideas into making it an original three minute piece. This gave me a better understanding of what people in the industry are looking for as we just had to produce a three minute insert for a particular show and how they will change parts of your script and ideas to make it fit their show. Finally multiple camera setups is a way of shooting films and television programs, such as sitcoms like Friends, Everybody Loves Raymond, Frasier, only Fools and Horses and many more. Multi camera filming was set up to capture the multiple shots in a single take without having to start and stop the action. This would also reduce the time spent on editing the footage as the some programs that are to be shown in a short time. It is also an essential for shows like daily soap operas from saving editing time, scenes may be shot far more quickly as there is no requirement for the show to re-light and the set-up of alternating camera angles for the scene to be shot again from different position. This also reduces the difficulty of tracking continuity issues that crop up when the scene is reshot from the different angles. It is also fundamental for live television such as news reporting. Most sitcoms are normally 30 minutes long, it is necessary that the plot line to be quite tight. Winning plots will naturally fall within a family or workplace setting or some mixture of the two. Within this setting, there are two parts to the storylines in which you can call part A and part B. Part A of the storyline would be the main plot of the sitcom. The A story would usually run right through the show and wont come to an end until the final scene. The B storyline is the second part of the sitcom. It would depend on how many characters you would have in the cast; there can be other side line stories such as C, D, and so on. If you throw in a hook or plot twist and you have a show. For example Friends and Fresh Prince of Bel Air is a more long established looking sitcom usually shot in front of a studio audience. In most cases you will see four cameras shooting a scene simultaneously, giving the producers four possible angles and possibly using a crane camera. The way the sitcom would we set up is that you have four cameras two on either side or usually wide shots two in the middle a close up and some cases a crane. As sitcoms with a live audience they have different locations within the studio to set the each scene like the Fresh Prince of Bel Air.

Punitive Articles of the Ucmj Article 89 Essay

â€Å"Any person subject to this chapter who behaves with disrespect toward his superior commissioned officer shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.† Context. (1) That the accused did or omitted certain acts or used certain language to or concerning a certain commissioned officer; (2) That such behavior or language was directed toward that officer; (3) That the officer toward whom the acts, omissions, or words were directed was the superior commissioned officer of the accused; (4) That the accused then knew that the commissioned officer toward whom the acts, omissions, or words were directed was the accused’s superior commissioned officer; and (5) That, under the circumstances, the behavior or language was disrespectful to that commissioned officer. Explanation. (1) Superior commissioned officer. (a) Accused and victim in same armed force. If the accused and the victim are in the same armed force, the victim is a â€Å"superior commissioned officer† of the accused when either superior in rank or command to the accused; however, the victim is not a â€Å"superior commissioned officer â€Å"of the accused if the victim is inferior in command, even though superior in rank. (b) Accused and victim in different armed forces. If the accused and the victim are in different armed forces, the victim is a â€Å"superior commissioned  officer† of the accused when the victim is a commissioned officer and superior in the chain of command over the accused or when the victim, not a medical officer or a chaplain, is senior in grade to the accused and both are detained by a hostile entity so that recourse to the normal chain of command is prevented. The victim is not a â€Å"superior commissioned officer† of the accused merely because the victim is superior in grade to the accused. (c) Execution of office. It is not necessary that the â€Å"superior commissioned officer† be in the execution of office at the time of the disrespectful behavior. (2) Knowledge. If the accused did not know that the person against whom the acts or words were directed was the accused’s superior commissioned officer, the accused may not be convicted of a violation of this article. Knowledge may be proved by circumstantial evidence. (3) Disrespect. Disrespectful behavior is that which detracts from the respect due the authority and person of a superior commissioned officer. It may consist of acts or language, however expressed, and it is immaterial whether they refer to the superior as an officer or as a private individual. Disrespect by words may be conveyed by abusive epithets or other contemptuous or denunciatory language. Truth is no defense. Disrespect by acts includes neglecting the customary salute, or showing a marked disdain, indifference, insolence, impertinence, undue familiarity, or other rudeness in the presence of the superior officer. (4) Presence. It is not essential that the disrespectful behavior be in the presence of the superior, but ordinarily one should not be held accountable under this article for what was said or done in a purely private conversation. (5) Special defense—unprotected victim. A superior commissioned officer whose conduct in relation to the accused under all the circumstances departs substantially from the required standards appropriate to that officer’s rank or position under similar circumstances loses the protection of this  article. That accused may not be convicted of being disrespectful to the officer who has so lost the entitlement to respect protected by Article 89. Nonjudicial Punishment (Article 15) Commander’s Tool for Discipline ART. 15. COMMANDING OFFICER’S NON-JUDICIAL PUNISHMENT (a) Under such regulations as the President may prescribe, and under such additional regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary concerned, limitations may be placed on the powers granted by this article with respect to the kind and amount of punishment authorized, the categories of commanding officers and warrant officers exercising command authorized to exercise those powers, the applicability of this article to an accused who demands trial by court-martial, and the kinds of courts-martial to which the case may be referred upon such a demand. However, except in the case of a member attached to or embarked in a vessel, punishment may not be imposed upon any member of the armed forces under this article if the member has, before the imposition of such punishment, demanded trial by court-martial in lieu of such punishment. Under similar regulations, rules may be prescribed with respect to the suspension of punishments authorized by regulations of the Secretary concerned, a commanding officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction or an officer of general or flag rank in command may delegate his powers under this article to a principal assistant. (b) Subject to subsection (a) any commanding officer may, in addition to or in lieu of admonition or reprimand, impose one or more of the following disciplinary punishments for minor offenses without the intervention of a court-martial— (1) Upon officers of his command— (A) Restriction to certain specified limits, with or without suspension from duty, for not more than 30 consecutive days; (B) if imposed by an officer exercising general court-martial jurisdictions or an officer of general flag rank in command— (i) arrest in quarters for not more than 30 consecutive days; (ii) forfeiture of not more than one-half of one month’s pay per month for two months; (iii) restriction to certain specified limits, with or without suspension from duty, for not more than 60 consecutive days; (iv) detention of not more than one-half of one month’s pay per month for  three months; (2) upon other personnel of his command— (A) if imposed upon a person attached to or embarked in a vessel, confinement on bread and water or diminished rations for not more than three consecutive days; (B) correctional custody for not more than seven consecutive days; (C) forfeiture of not more than seven days’ pay; (D) reduction to the next inferior pay grade, if the grade from which demoted is within the promotion authority of the officer imposing the reduction or any officer subordinate to the one who imposes the reduction; (E) extra duties, including fatigue or other duties, for not more than 14 consecutive days; (F) restriction to certain specified limits, with or without suspension from duty, for not more than 14 consecutive days; (G) detention of not more than 14 days’ pay; (H) if imposed by an officer of the grade of major or lieutenant commander, or above— (i) the punishment authorized under clause (A); (ii) correctional custody for not more than 30 consecutive days; (iii) forfeiture of not more than one-half of one month’s pay per month for two months; (iv) reduction to the lowest or any intermediate pay grade, if the grade from which demoted is within the promotion authority of the officer imposing the reduction or any officer subordinate to the one who imposes the reduction, by an enlisted member in a pay grade above E-4 may not be reduced more than two pay grades; (v) extra duties, including fatigue or other duties, for not more than 45 consecutive days; (vi) restriction to certain specified limits, with or without suspension from duty, for not more than 60 consecutive days; (vii) detention of not more than one-half of one month’s pay per month for three months. Detention of pay shall be for a stated period of not more than one year but if the offender’s term of service expires earlier, the detention shall terminate upon that expiration. No two or more of the punishments of arrest in quarters, confinement or bread and water or diminished rations, correctional custody, extra duties, and restriction may be combined to run consecutively in the maximum amount impossible for each. Whenever any of those punishments are combined to run consecutively, there must be an apportionment. In addition, forfeiture of  pay may not be combined with detention of pay without an apportionment. For the purpose of this subsection, â€Å"correctional custody† is the physical restraint of a person during duty or non-duty hours and may include extra duties, fatigue duties, or hard labor. If practicable, correctional custody will not be served in immediate association with persons awaiting trial or held in confinement pursuant to trial by court-martial . (c) An officer in charge may impose upon enlisted members assigned to the unit of which he is in charge such of the punishment authorized under subsection (b)(2)(A)-(G) as the Secretary concerned may specifically prescribe by regulation. (d) The officer who imposes the punishment authorized in subsection (b), or his successor in command, may, at any time, suspend probationally any part or amount of the unexecuted punishment imposed and may suspend probationally a reduction in grade or forfeiture imposed under subsection (b), whether or not executed. In addition, he may, at any time, remit or mitigate any part or amount of the unexecuted punishment imposed and may set aside in whole or in part the punishment, whether executed or unexecuted, and restore all rights, privileges and property affected. He may also mitigate reduction in grade to forfeiture or detention of pay. When mitigating— (1) arrest in quarters to restriction; (2) confinement on bread and water or diminished rations to correctional custody; (3) correctional custody confinement on bread and water or diminished rations to extra duties or restriction, or both; or (4) extra duties to restriction; the mitigated punishment shall not be for a greater period than the punishment mitigated. When mitigating forfeiture of pay to detention of pay, the amount of detention shall not be greater than the amount of the forfeiture. When mitigating reduction in grade to forfeiture or detention of pay, the amount of the forfeiture or detention shall not be greater than the amount that could have been imposed initially under this article by the officer who imposed the punishment mitigated. (e) A person punished under this article who considers his punishment unjust or disproportionate to the offense may, through proper channels, appeal to the next superior authority. The appeal shall be promptly forwarded and decided, but the person punished may in the meantime be required to undergo the punishment adjudged. The superior authority may exercise the same powers  with respect to punishment imposed as may be exercised under subsection (d) by the officer who imposed the punishment. Before acting on appeal from a punishment of— (1) arrest in quarters for more than seven days; (2) correctional custody for more than seven days; (3) forfeiture of more than seven days’ pay; (4) reduction of one or more pay grades from the fourth or a higher pay grade; (5) extra duties for more than 14 days; (6) restriction for more than 14 days; or (7) detention of more than 14 days’ pay; the authority who is to act on the appeal shall refer the case to a judge advocate or a lawyer of the Department of Transportation for consideration and advice, and may so refer the case upon appeal from any punishment imposed under subsection (b). (f) The imposition and enforcement of disciplinary punishment under this article for any act or omission is not a bar to trial by court-martial for a serious crime or offense growing out of the same act or omission, and not properly punishable under this article; but the fact that a disciplinary punishment has been enforced may be shown by the accuse upon trial, and when so shown shall be considered in determining the measure of punishment to be adjudged in the event of a finding of guilty. (g) The Secretary concerned may, by regulation, prescribe the form of records to be kept under this article and may also prescribe that certain categories of those proceedings shall be in writing. CUSTOMS 4-1. The Army has its own customs, both official and social. Some have been handed down from the distant past while others are of comparatively recent origin. Those customs that endure stand on their own merits. As a long established social organization, the Army observes a number of customs that add to the interest, pleasure, and graciousness of Army life. Often it is these customs and traditions, strange to the civilian eye but solemn to the soldier, that keep the man in the uniform going in the unexciting times of peace. In war they keep him fighting at the front. The fiery regimental spirit fondly polished over decades and centuries possesses him in the face of the enemy. [The soldier] fights for the regiment, his  battalion, his company, his platoon, his section, his comrade. 4-2. A custom is an established practice. Customs include positive actions-things you do, and taboos-things you avoid. All established arts, trades, and professions, all races of people, all nations, and even different sections of the same nation have their own practices and customs by which they govern a part of their lives. 4-3. Many Army customs compliment procedures required by military courtesy, while others add to the graciousness of garrison life. The breach of some Army customs merely brands the offender as ignorant, careless, or ill bred. Violations of other Army customs, however, will bring official censure or disciplinary action. The customs of the Army are its common law. These are a few: * Never criticize the Army or a leader in public. * Never go â€Å"over the heads† of superiors-don’t jump the chain of command. * Never offer excuses. * Never â€Å"wear† a superior’s rank by saying something like, â€Å"the first sergeant wants this done now,† when in fact the first sergeant said no such thing. Speak with your own voice. * Never turn and walk away to avoid giving the hand salute. * Never run indoors or pretend you don’t hear (while driving, for example) to avoid standing reveille or retreat. * Never appear in uniform while under the influence of alcohol. * If you don’t know the answer to a superior’s question, you will never go wrong with the response, â€Å"I don’t know sir, but I’ll find out.† COURTESIES 4-4. Courtesy among members of the Armed Forces is vital to maintain discipline. Military courtesy means good manners and politeness in dealing with other people. Courteous behavior provides a basis for developing good human relations. The distinction between civilian and military courtesy is that military courtesy was developed in a military atmosphere and has become an integral part of serving in uniform. 4-5. most forms of military courtesy have some counterpart in civilian life. For example, we train soldiers to say sir or ma’am when talking to a higher ranking officer. Young men and women are sometimes taught to say sir to their fathers or ma’am to their mothers and likewise to other elders. It is often considered good manners for a younger person to say sir or ma’am when speaking to an older person. The use of the word sir is also common in the business world, such as in the salutation of a letter or in any well-ordered institution. 4-6. Military courtesy is not a one-way street. Enlisted personnel are expected to be courteous to officers and likewise officers are expected to return the courtesy. Mutual respect is a vital part of military courtesy. In the final analysis, military courtesy is the respect shown to each other by members of the same profession. Some of the Army’s more common courtesies include rendering the hand salute, standing at attention or parade rest, or even addressing others by their rank.

Rand Corporation

In spite of what we see on television regarding crime scenes and detective work, detectives are more complex than what they are showing us. According to the Bureau of Labor, a police officers Job is to protect the citizens and our land(Bureau of Labor 2014). While the Job of a detective is to investigate crimes, gather facts and collect evidence, for a potential crime (Bureau of Labor 2014), there are severe types of detectives within a police department. There are homicide detectives, who work specifically on finding the person who committed the homicide.Cyber Crime detectives, and their focus is strictly on protecting the citizens from internet abuse kind computer crimes. Computer crimes would consist of fraud and identity thief. Cyber detectives also protect our youth from predators on the internet. There is also have a gang and narcotics unit, in which some of the detectives will go undercover, just to get the information they need to start an investigation. (Dempsey & Frost 2011 ). Last but not least, there is a detective unit for cold cases.These cases are asses that could not be solved, boot other detectives from different departments(Retested 2014). I believe that they should leave the policing to the police and the Investigative work to the detectives. Keeping their work separate is beneficial to the citizens and the police department. This way they can be more attentive and peduncle to the citizens in specific areas. Police are being pulled Into many different directions on a dally basis.. They are called for emergency and non-emergency situations everyday.The police wouldn't be as effective doing their day to day, If they add detective work to their plate. I believe that the detective annuls that I mentioned above are needed and should be kept separately. While I do agree that the police should do the preliminary work, but I do not agree with them doing the Investigative work as well. I don't believe the police departments wouldn't be as successful If they didn't have them separate. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2014). Police and Detective Occupational Outlook. Shinto DC: SSP suite. Dempsey, J. , & Frost, L. (2011). Police (e). Clifton Park, NY: Delmarva Retested, A. (2014).

Australian Film, Gallipoli, Shows the Willpower and Drive...

Gallipoli, as the title suggests, is a portrayal of the historical event in which thousands of Australian soldiers went off to fight for their country. Peter Weir, the director of Gallipoli has not simply presented the facts about the war, nor has he tried to relay the story of this time, instead he has attempted to convey the legend of Gallipoli through the Australians feelings towards the event using pre-existing myths to portray this tragedy of war. Gallipoli was directed by Peter Weir, an Australian film director. After playing the leading role in the Australian New Wave cinema with his films such as Picnic at Hanging Rock, The Last Wave and Gallipoli, Weir directed a diverse group of American and International films – many on them major box office hits – including the Academy Award nominees. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_(1981_film) ) Gallipoli is a marvellous movie that demonstrates the beginning of the ANZAC tradition, a very important historical event in Australian history. The movie Gallipoli displays the strength, willpower and the drive that Australian’s have to keep over mateship, family also friends. Gallipoli demonstrations what the Australian filming industry are truly capable, making a movie about a true story and convening the emotion of the war had on the Australian’s into a movie. Gallipoli was shot in Western Australian As a typical Australian film, main or important characters die. Australian films are unlike American film. Aussie films